Flocculation

Flotation

Settling

Filtration

Snip-Bits

• In the reactions described on the right a large number of spiecies are formed. Eventually, though, the one with "the best" structure (the one with the lowest energy) wins out, and other spiecies either fall apart or grow, until only one (or a couple) of spiecies remain.
• The presence of the polycations has been suggested from Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) studies.